Infinite primes via Fibonacci numbers

A well-known result about Fibonacci numbers says

gcd(Fm, Fn) = Fgcd(m, n)

In words, the greatest common divisor of the mth and nth Fibonacci numbers is the gth Fibonacci number where g is the greatest common divisor of m and n.

M. Wunderlich used this identity to create a short, clever proof that there are infinitely many primes.

Suppose on the contrary that there are only k prime numbers, and consider the set of Fibonacci numbers with prime indices: Fp1, Fp2, … Fpk. The Fibonacci theorem above tells us that these Fibonacci numbers are pairwise relatively prime: each pair has greatest common divisor F1 = 1.

Each of the Fibonacci numbers in our list must have only one prime factor. Why? Because we have assumed there are only k prime numbers, and no two of our Fibonacci numbers share a prime factor. But F19 = 4181 = 37*113. We’ve reached a contradiction, and so there must be infinitely many primes.

Source: M. Wunderlich, Another proof of the infinite primes theorem. American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 72, No. 3 (March 1965), p. 305.

Here are a couple more unusual proofs that there are infinitely many primes. The first uses a product of sines. The second is from Paul Erdős. It also gives a lower bound on π(N), the number of primes less than N.

5 thoughts on “Infinite primes via Fibonacci numbers

  1. Good catch! I didn’t see that, and neither did Wunderlich or his editors. So leaving out F_2, we have k primes and k-1 Fibonacci numbers bigger than 1. Finding a Fibonacci number with two prime factors doesn’t establish a contradiction. But F_37 = 24157817 = 73*149*2221 has three factors, and that does establish a contradiction.

  2. I’m wondering: what (set of weakest) properties does a sequence need to have for the GCD-identity to be true. F = Fib works but that’s relatively arbitrary.

  3. Where can i find the proof for gcd(Fa,Fb)?

    >A well-known result about Fibonacci numbers says
    >gcd(Fm, Fn) = Fgcd(m, n)
    >In words, the greatest common divisor of the mth and nth Fibonacci >numbers is the gth Fibonacci number where g is the greatest common >divisor of m and n. You can find a proof here.

    Here is where?

    thx

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