Emacs

A few weeks ago I mentioned that I would give Emacs another try.  I said I would use it through April and then decide whether to keep using it or give up. Here are some thoughts on Emacs a few weeks later.

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I used Emacs for several years until 1995 when I started developing Windows software. I tried picking Emacs back up a few times since then, but each time I got frustrated and decided it wasn’t worthwhile. But things change and now I’m willing to give it another try. I’m well aware of the difficulties, but I think it may be worth the investment.

I’ve evaluated several editors on Windows, and I haven’t found anything as powerful or as configurable as Emacs. But the main reason I’m willing to try Emacs again is that I’m tired of using a different program for every kind of file I edit. I use a dozen programs, none of which I know very well. I want to learn one tool well and use it for many different tasks. As the Emacs guided tour says:

All of the basic editing commands (and there are lots of them) are available no matter what you’re trying to do: write code, read a manual, use a shell, or compose an email.

All the tools Emacs provides for opening, saving, searching, and processing text (and more) are available to you no matter what you’re doing.

Using Emacs is painful at this point, like the first day getting back to an exercise routine. But some old habits are starting to coming back, and I’ve discovered a few customizations that make Emacs more convenient.

I’m doing an experiment. I’ve committed to using Emacs through the end of April. After that I may decide that the quirks of Emacs are either too much to get used to or will take too much effort customize around. Or I may decide I want to keep using it and dive deeper.

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Emacs is a text editor with ambitions to be an operating system. I do not use Emacs, though I once did, and I still find it intriguing. I’d like to find something similar that acts more like a Windows program.

GNU Emacs began in 1984 and has been in constant development ever since. The current version is 23.1. How many applications from 1984 are still in widespread use today? The only other one that comes to mind is TeX.

I used Emacs in graduate school and for a few years after that. I was fairly fluent with Emacs, though I never customized it much. I intended to learn Emacs Lisp and all that, but it never happened.

When I started developing Windows software I used Emacs at first, but the benefits of Visual Studio soon persuaded me give up my old editor. It was much easier to go with the flow.

I’ve revisited Emacs a couple times over the years. I still have some of the keystrokes burned into my memory. I use it on Linux now and then, but I mostly work on Windows, and my experience using Emacs on Windows has been frustrating to say the least. Tasks that are trivial in any Windows application, such as printing and spell checking, are surprisingly difficult to set up in Emacs. I’m sure it is possible to resolve these problems, though I never did.

The problems with printing and spell checking are part of the larger issue that Emacs is so idiosyncratic. It behaves nothing like a typical Windows program. Some people may say that’s a good thing. But it makes life more complicated if you switch between Emacs and more conventional Windows software.

Emacs is no more a typical Mac application than it is a typical Windows application. And yet my impression is that this is less of a problem for Mac users. I’d like to understand whether this is true and if so why.

One of the things I liked about Emacs was the way you could “live” there. An expert Emacs user might work inside Emacs all day, using it as an editor, debugger, shell, file system explorer, email program, etc. Steve Yegge is such an expert. When he blogged about his move from Windows to Mac,  he said the main reason for the switch was that he prefers the appearance of the fonts on a Mac. Changing operating systems was not a big deal for Yegge because he didn’t really live in Windows before, nor does he live in OS X now. He lives in Emacs. He concluded his essay by saying

So I’ll keep using my Macs. They’re all just plumbing for Emacs, anyway. And now my plumbing has nicer fonts.

Living inside Emacs comes at a price. Part of that price is writing lots of Emacs Lisp to glue things together. Another part of that price is the commitment to practicing using Emacs. As Yegge says elsewhere

… you need to make a serious, lifelong commitment to Emacs in order to master it. … So it’s not an editor for the faint of heart …

Yikes! I’m not ready to make a serious, lifelong commitment to a piece of software. To my wife? Yes. To my text editor? No.

One of the best features of Emacs is that it has custom “modes” for various kinds of files. Instead of using a separate program for editing every kind of file, Emacs users use one program with different modes. As soon as a new file type comes out, say for a new programming language, someone will post an Emacs mode for that new language.

I’d like to find an editor on Windows that is analogous to Emacs. By that I mostly have in mind a powerful, highly configurable editor with support for many file types. I’d want it to behave like a Windows application, not a foreign transplant, and integrate well with .NET.

There was a project to create such an editor, nicknamed Emacs.NET. It was announced in late 2007. It sounds like the project is still alive, but it doesn’t seem all that promising.

I’ve looked at a few Windows editors that claim to be highly configurable but are not well documented. So if such an editor is configurable, it’s configurable for the person who wrote it or possibly for anyone else willing to study the source code.

Any suggestions for a general purpose Windows editor? For starters, I’d be pleased to find something that’s good at editing LaTeX and HTML.

Update (2 April 2010): I’ve decided to give Emacs another try.

Related posts:

This post started out as an update to my earlier post One program to rule them all.

Do you have a single program that you “live in” when you’re at a computer? Emacs users are known for “living” inside Emacs. This means more than just using the program for a large part of the day. It means using the program as the integration point for other programs, a sort of backplane for tying other things together.

Steve Yegge’s most recent blog post described his switch from Windows to Mac. He said the main reason for the switch was that he prefers the appearance of the fonts on a Mac. Changing operating systems was not a big deal for Yegge because he didn’t really live in Windows before, nor does he live in OS X now. He lives in Emacs. He concludes his essay by saying

So I’ll keep using my Macs. They’re all just plumbing for Emacs, anyway. And now my plumbing has nicer fonts.

Graphic artists may spend the majority of their work day using Photoshop, but they don’t send email from Photoshop, and they don’t keep their calendar in Photoshop. So I wouldn’t say they “live” in Photoshop. Microsoft developers spend a great deal of their time inside Visual Studio, though they don’t live inside Visual Studio to the same extent that Emacs users live inside Emacs. The Visual Studio experience is somewhere between Photoshop and Emacs on the “live in” scale. Unlike Emacs, Visual Studio has no ambition to become an operating system, probably because the company that makes Visual Studio already has an operating system.

I once knew someone who lived in Mathematica, doing his word processing etc. inside this mathematical package. Mathematica is a nice place to visit, but I wouldn’t want to live there.

A growing number of people now live inside their web browser, particularly if that browser is Firefox. There are Firefox plug-ins available to mow your lawn and take your children to the orthodontist. Maybe Firefox is becoming the Emacs of a new generation.

The choice of a program to live in is really a choice of how you want to tie applications together. To live in Emacs, you have to write Emacs Lisp, and that’s a deal-breaker for many. Interestingly, Microsoft has a project to create a highly configurable editor some have nick-named Emacs.NET. You can bet that the extension language will not be Emacs Lisp.

Some people live in their command shell and use shell scripts to tie everything together. While many Unix folks live that way, that hasn’t been practical on Windows until recently when PowerShell came out.

By the way, you can run PowerShell and Emacs at the same time. See Jeffrey Snover’s blog post PowerShell Running Inside of Emacs.